Defending Critical National Infrastructure

Critical National Infrastructure (CNI) sits at the intersection of civil resilience and national security. From energy grids and transport systems to undersea cables, satellite networks, and water supply, these interconnected systems underpin the functioning of society and the operational readiness of armed forces. When disrupted – through cyberattack, sabotage, hybrid campaigns, or climate-driven shocks – the cascading effects can jeopardise civilian safety, destabilise the economy, and compromise military capability.

The UK 2025 Strategic Defence Review highlights the urgent need for a “new deal” to secure and defend CNI, rooted in partnership between Defence, government, private operators, and allies. In an era of intensifying hybrid threats, safeguarding infrastructure is no longer just a technical task but a strategic imperative.

The Critical Questions of Interest

  • How can Defence protect and support CNI without overextending resources across every domain?
  • What role should military forces play in safeguarding undersea pipelines, cables, and maritime traffic?
  • How can Defence coordinate with private operators, regulators, and international partners to ensure rapid response when systems fail?
  • How do armed forces prepare for cascading effects – for example, when cyber disruption of energy supply also disables communications and transport?
  • What balance must be struck between defending CNI at home and sustaining overseas operations that rely on the same infrastructure?
  • How can Defence adapt its doctrine, skills, and interoperability to operate effectively in an AI-enabled, digitally dependent infrastructure environment?

Uncovering Insights

Our CNI x Military wargames place Defence leaders and policymakers inside plausible near-future scenarios where hybrid threats target infrastructure across multiple domains. Participants must navigate dilemmas where civilian dependency, military necessity, and adversary activity intersect.

Structured expert adjudication ensures the scenarios reflect real-world vulnerabilities, from cyberattacks on power grids to sabotage of undersea cables. Integrated red teaming challenges assumptions and exposes blind spots, helping participants to avoid “failures of imagination” in planning.

In the Game, Teams Grapple With:

  • Defending against simultaneous cyber and physical attacks on energy, transport, and communication systems.
  • Balancing the protection of domestic CNI with sustaining force projection and operational resilience abroad.
  • Coordinating with government, regulators, and allies to secure critical supply chains under stress.
  • Managing escalation risks when adversaries conduct sub-threshold hybrid campaigns against civilian infrastructure.
  • Restoring public trust and maintaining morale when critical services are disrupted.

The Impact

Disruptions to CNI will not wait for military planners to catch up. Wargaming provides defence leaders with the opportunity to rehearse complex crisis-response strategies, test cross-sector coordination, and evaluate the cascading effects before a real crisis strikes.

The result is sharper judgment, stronger strategy, and improved resilience: armed forces better prepared to protect infrastructure at home, sustain operations abroad, and work seamlessly with government and private partners in an integrated defence of national life.

Win the battle for resilience before it begins.